RESTORING THE DEATH PENALTY AND PROTECTING PUBLIC SAFETY
This executive order seeks to restore and strengthen the use of capital punishment in the United States.
It mandates the Attorney General to actively pursue the death penalty for specified crimes, challenge Supreme Court precedents limiting its use, and ensure the availability of necessary resources for executions.
The order also directs the Attorney General to investigate and potentially re-prosecute individuals who previously had their death sentences commuted.
Arguments For
- Intended benefits: Deterrence of violent crime, ensuring justice for victims of heinous crimes, upholding the law and the will of the people who support capital punishment.
- Evidence cited: The order references broad popular support for capital punishment, the historical use of capital punishment in the US, and the purported deterrent effect.
- Implementation methods: The executive order directs the Attorney General to take several actions: pursue the death penalty more aggressively, seek federal jurisdiction in specific cases, encourage state-level prosecutions for capital crimes, modify the Justice Manual, evaluate the conditions of imprisonment for those whose sentences were commuted, ensure there is a sufficient supply of lethal injection drugs, seek the overruling of Supreme Court precedents that limit capital punishment, and prioritize public safety and the prosecution of violent crime.
- Legal/historical basis: The order cites the authority vested in the President by the Constitution and laws of the United States, and it references what is perceived as a historical basis for using capital punishment in the US.
Arguments Against
- Potential impacts: Potential for wrongful convictions and executions, disproportionate impact on minority populations, violation of human rights principles, lack of evidence of capital punishment being a significant deterrent.
- Implementation challenges: Difficulty in obtaining lethal injection drugs, potential legal challenges and appeals, high cost and resource requirements for capital punishment.
- Alternative approaches: Focusing on crime prevention through community programs, improving policing strategies, addressing the root causes of crime (poverty, inequality), enhancing rehabilitation programs for convicted individuals, making the justice system more just and equitable overall.
- Unintended effects: Increased polarization on the issue of capital punishment, further strain on the already overburdened justice system, risk of escalating tensions between different groups and undermining public trust in authorities.
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered:
Section 1. Purpose. Capital punishment is an essential tool for deterring and punishing those who would commit the most heinous crimes and acts of lethal violence against American citizens. Before, during, and after the founding of the United States, our cities, States, and country have continuously relied upon capital punishment as the ultimate deterrent and only proper punishment for the vilest crimes. Our Founders knew well that only capital punishment can bring justice and restore order in response to such evil. For this and other reasons, capital punishment continues to enjoy broad popular support.
Yet for too long, politicians and judges who oppose capital punishment have defied and subverted the laws of our country. At every turn, they seek to thwart the execution of lawfully imposed capital sentences and choose to enforce their personal beliefs rather than the law. When President Biden took office in 2021, he allowed his Department of Justice to issue a moratorium on Federal executions, in defiance of his duty to faithfully execute the laws of the United States that provide for capital punishment. And on December 23, 2024, President Biden commuted the sentences of 37 of the 40 most vile and sadistic rapists, child molesters, and murderers on Federal death row: remorseless criminals who brutalized young children, strangled and drowned their victims, and hunted strangers for sport. He commuted their sentences even though the laws of our Nation have always protected victims by applying capital punishment to barbaric acts like theirs. Judges who oppose capital punishment have likewise disregarded the law by falsely claiming that capital punishment is unconstitutional, even though the Constitution explicitly acknowledges the legality of capital punishment.
These efforts to subvert and undermine capital punishment defy the laws of our nation, make a mockery of justice, and insult the victims of these horrible crimes. The Government’s most solemn responsibility is to protect its citizens from abhorrent acts, and my Administration will not tolerate efforts to stymie and eviscerate the laws that authorize capital punishment against those who commit horrible acts of violence against American citizens.
This section establishes the executive order's purpose.
It asserts that capital punishment is a necessary tool for deterring and punishing serious crimes and argues that previous administrations have improperly hindered its implementation.
The section frames opposition to capital punishment as a defiance of the law, emphasizing the need to protect citizens and uphold the legal framework for capital punishment.
Sec. 2. Policy. It is the policy of the United States to ensure that the laws that authorize capital punishment are respected and faithfully implemented, and to counteract the politicians and judges who subvert the law by obstructing and preventing the execution of capital sentences.
This section formally declares the United States' policy to ensure the faithful implementation of laws authorizing capital punishment and to counter opposition to it.
Sec. 3. Federal Capital Punishment. (a) The Attorney General shall pursue the death penalty for all crimes of a severity demanding its use.
(b) In addition to pursuing the death penalty where possible, the Attorney General shall, where consistent with applicable law, pursue Federal jurisdiction and seek the death penalty regardless of other factors for every federal capital crime involving:
(i) The murder of a law-enforcement officer; or
(ii) A capital crime committed by an alien illegally present in this country.
The Attorney General shall encourage State attorneys general and district attorneys to bring State capital charges for all capital crimes with special attention to the crimes described in Subsections (i) and (ii), regardless of whether the federal trial results in a capital sentence.
(d) The Attorney General shall take all appropriate action to modify the Justice Manual based on the policy and purpose set forth in this Executive Order.
(e) The Attorney General shall evaluate the places of imprisonment and conditions of confinement for each of the 37 murderers whose Federal death sentences were commuted by President Biden, and the Attorney General shall take all lawful and appropriate action to ensure that these offenders are imprisoned in conditions consistent with the monstrosity of their crimes and the threats they pose. The Attorney General shall further evaluate whether these offenders can be charged with State capital crimes and shall recommend appropriate action to state and local authorities.
This section outlines specific actions for the Attorney General.
Directions include pursuing the death penalty for all appropriate crimes, prioritizing cases involving the murder of law enforcement or crimes committed by illegal aliens, encouraging state-level prosecutions of these cases, and updating the Justice Manual to reflect this new policy.
Additionally, the Attorney General is asked to reassess the prison conditions for those whose death sentences were commuted and to explore state-level charges against them.
Sec. 4. Preserving Capital Punishment in the States. (a) The Attorney General shall take all necessary and lawful action to ensure that each state that allows capital punishment has a sufficient supply of drugs needed to carry out lethal injection.
(b) The Attorney General shall take all appropriate action to approve or deny any pending request for certification made by any State under 28 U.S.C. 2265.
This section focuses on actions to support capital punishment at the state level.
The Attorney General is tasked with ensuring states have the necessary drugs for lethal injection and with reviewing pending certification requests related to capital punishment.
Sec. 5. Seeking The Overruling of Supreme Court Precedents That Hinder Capital Punishment. The Attorney General shall take all appropriate action to seek the overruling of Supreme Court precedents that limit the authority of State and Federal governments to impose capital punishment.
This section aims to challenge and overturn legal precedents that the administration sees as obstructing capital punishment.
Sec. 6. Prosecuting Crime to Protect Communities. (a) The Attorney General shall appropriately prioritize public safety and the prosecution of violent crime, and take all appropriate action necessary to dismantle transnational criminal activity in the United States.
(b) To ensure the fullest protection of American communities from violence, the Attorney General shall encourage state attorneys general and district attorneys to adopt policies and practices aligned with subsection (a). Federal law enforcement should coordinate with State and local law enforcement where possible to facilitate these objectives.
This section broadens the focus to public safety and violent crime prosecution, directing general actions to prioritize these areas and encourage collaboration between federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies.
Sec. 7. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:
(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or
(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.
(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.
THE WHITE HOUSE,
January 20, 2025.
This section includes standard concluding provisions, clarifying that the order does not override existing legal authorities or create new legal rights.
It emphasizes implementation will be within existing law and budget constraints.