PROTECTING THE UNITED STATES FROM FOREIGN TERRORISTS AND OTHER NATIONAL SECURITY AND PUBLIC SAFETY THREATS
This executive order prioritizes enhancing the vetting and screening of foreign nationals entering or residing in the United States to mitigate national security risks.
It directs multiple federal agencies to strengthen screening procedures, identify countries posing high-risk profiles, and submit reports on deficiencies in vetting information.
The order also emphasizes the need for more rigorous safeguards for refugees and stateless individuals and aims to ensure that visa programs are not exploited by hostile actors.
Arguments For
- Intended benefits: Strengthened national security by improving the identification and prevention of terrorist threats and other national security risks.
- Evidence cited: The order cites the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) as legal basis for enhanced vetting procedures.
- Implementation methods: The order directs various agencies (State, Homeland Security, Justice, National Intelligence) to implement new vetting standards, share information, and submit reports on national security risks.
- Legal/historical basis: The order cites the Constitution and laws of the United States, including the INA, as its authority.
Arguments Against
- Potential impacts: Potential delays in visa processing and immigration applications; possible disproportionate impact on certain nationalities.
- Implementation challenges: Coordinating multiple agencies, securing necessary resources, and ensuring consistent implementation across different locations and personnel.
- Alternative approaches: Focusing on international cooperation and intelligence sharing, strengthening domestic counterterrorism measures, or addressing root causes of terrorism through diplomatic channels.
- Unintended effects: Possible increase in xenophobia and discrimination against certain groups; potential chilling effect on legitimate immigration.
Section 1. Policy and Purpose. (a) It is the policy of the United States to protect its citizens from aliens who intend to commit terrorist attacks, threaten our national security, espouse hateful ideology, or otherwise exploit the immigration laws for malevolent purposes.
(b) To protect Americans, the United States must be vigilant during the visa-issuance process to ensure that those aliens approved for admission into the United States do not intend to harm Americans or our national interests. More importantly, the United States must identify them before their admission or entry into the United States. And the United States must ensure that admitted aliens and aliens otherwise already present in the United States do not bear hostile attitudes toward its citizens, culture, government, institutions, or founding principles, and do not advocate for, aid, or support designated foreign terrorists and other threats to our national security.
Section 1 establishes the executive order's policy and purpose.
It states the US aims to protect citizens from foreign nationals posing security threats, emphasizing improved vetting during visa issuance and identifying potential threats before entry.
It also addresses the need to monitor existing residents for hostile attitudes or support for terrorist organizations.
Sec. 2. Enhanced Vetting and Screening Across Agencies.
(a) The Secretary of State, in coordination with the Attorney General, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the Director of National Intelligence, shall promptly:
(i) identify all resources that may be used to ensure that all aliens seeking admission to the United States, or who are already in the United States, are vetted and screened to the maximum degree possible;
(ii) determine the information needed from any country to adjudicate any visa, admission, or other benefit under the INA for one of its nationals, and to ascertain whether the individual seeking the benefit is who the individual claims to be and that the individual is not a security or public-safety threat;
(iii) re-establish a uniform baseline for screening and vetting standards and procedures, consistent with the uniform baseline that existed on January 19, 2021, that will be used for any alien seeking a visa or immigration benefit of any kind; and
(iv) vet and screen to the maximum degree possible all aliens who intend to be admitted, enter, or are already inside the United States, particularly those aliens coming from regions or nations with identified security risks.
(b) Within 60 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the Director of National Intelligence shall jointly submit to the President, through the Assistant to the President for Homeland Security, a report:
(i) identifying countries throughout the world for which vetting and screening information is so deficient as to warrant a partial or full suspension on the admission of nationals from those countries pursuant to section 212(f) of the INA (8 U.S.C. 1182(f)); and
(ii) identifying how many nationals from those countries have entered or have been admitted into the United States on or since January 20, 2021, and any other information the Secretaries and Attorney General deem relevant to the actions or activities of such nationals since their admission or entry to the United States.
(c) Whenever information is identified that would support the exclusion or removal of any alien described in subsection 2(b), the Secretary of Homeland Security shall take immediate steps to exclude or remove that alien unless she determines that doing so would inhibit a significant pending investigation or prosecution of the alien for a serious criminal offense or would be contrary to the national security interests of the United States.
Section 2 mandates enhanced vetting and screening across various agencies.
It directs the identification of resources for comprehensive screening, determining necessary information from foreign countries for visa applications, re-establishing a uniform baseline for vetting standards, and prioritizing the screening of individuals from high-risk countries.
Furthermore, it requires a report to the President within 60 days, identifying countries with deficient vetting information and the number of individuals admitted since a specified date from those countries.
Finally, it establishes a procedure for exclusion or removal of aliens when relevant information is identified.
Sec. 3. Additional Measures to Protect the Nation. As soon as possible, but no later than 30 days from the date of this order, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Attorney General, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the Director of National Intelligence, shall also:
(a) Evaluate and adjust all existing regulations, policies, procedures, and provisions of the Foreign Service Manual, or guidance of any kind pertaining to each of the grounds of inadmissibility listed in sections 212(a)(2)-(3) of the INA (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(2)-(3)), to ensure the continued safety and security of the American people and our constitutional republic;
(b) Ensure that sufficient safeguards are in place to prevent any refugee or stateless individual from being admitted to the United States without undergoing stringent identification verification beyond that required of any other alien seeking admission or entry to the United States;
(c) Evaluate all visa programs to ensure that they are not used by foreign nation-states or other hostile actors to harm the security, economic, political, cultural, or other national interests of the United States;
(d) Recommend any actions necessary to protect the American people from the actions of foreign nationals who have undermined or seek to undermine the fundamental constitutional rights of the American people, including, but not limited to, our Citizens’ rights to freedom of speech and the free exercise of religion protected by the First Amendment, who preach or call for sectarian violence, the overthrow or replacement of the culture on which our constitutional Republic stands, or who provide aid, advocacy, or support for foreign terrorists;
(e) Ensure the devotion of adequate resources to identify and take appropriate action for offenses described in 8 U.S.C. 1451;
(f) Evaluate the adequacy of programs designed to ensure the proper assimilation of lawful immigrants into the United States, and recommend any additional measures to be taken that promote a unified American identity and attachment to the Constitution, laws, and founding principles of the United States; and
(g) Recommend any additional actions to protect the American people and our constitutional republic from foreign threats.
Section 3 outlines additional measures for national protection.
It directs the evaluation and adjustment of regulations related to inadmissibility grounds, mandates stringent identification verification for refugees and stateless persons, requires an evaluation of visa programs for potential exploitation, and calls for recommendations to prevent actions against fundamental rights by foreign nationals.
It also requires sufficient resources for addressing specific offenses and evaluating immigrant assimilation programs, ultimately aiming for recommendations to further protect the nation from foreign threats.
Sec. 4. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:
(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or
(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.
(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.
Section 4 provides general provisions.
It clarifies that the order does not limit existing legal authority of executive departments and agencies or the Office of Management and Budget's functions.
It specifies that implementation must comply with relevant laws and available funding.
Crucially, this section states the order does not establish rights enforceable by any party against the US government or its entities.